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Ca electron configuration10/18/2023 ![]() ![]() There are two types of food colorings: natural and artificial. Many processed foods have food colorings added to them. ![]() Many foods, such as tomatoes, are highly colored in fact, the common statement “you eat with your eyes first” is an implicit recognition that the visual appeal of food is just as important as its taste. A red tomato, for example, is bright red because it reflects red light while absorbing all the other colors of the rainbow. Although colored lights produce their colors, objects are colored because they preferentially reflect a certain color from the white light that shines on them. The color of objects comes from a different mechanism than the colors of neon and other discharge lights. Indeed, the electron configuration of Se is 4 s 23 d 104 p 4, as expected. This means that its electron configuration should end in a p 4 electron configuration. It is in the fourth column of the p block. Consider Se, as shown in Figure 8.17 "Selenium on the Periodic Table". Similarity of valence shell electron configuration implies that we can determine the electron configuration of an atom solely by its position on the periodic table. However, many similarities do exist in these blocks, so a similarity in chemical properties is expected. In the d and f blocks, because there are exceptions to the order of filling of subshells with electrons, similar valence shells are not absolute in these blocks. This is strictly true for all elements in the s and p blocks. Elements in each column have the same valence shell electron configurations, and the elements have some similar chemical properties. The same concept applies to the other columns of the periodic table. The organization of electrons in atoms explains not only the shape of the periodic table but also the fact that elements in the same column of the periodic table have similar chemistry. Because much of the chemistry of an element is influenced by valence electrons, we would expect that these elements would have similar chemistry- and they do. They all have a similar electron configuration in their valence shells: a single s electron. Their electron configurations (abbreviated for the larger atoms) are as follows, with the valence shell electron configuration highlighted: For example, take the elements in the first column of the periodic table: H, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. If we look at just the valence shell’s electron configuration, we find that in each column, the valence shell’s electron configuration is the same. (The inner electrons are called core electrons.) The valence electrons largely control the chemistry of an atom. the highest-numbered shell is called the valence shell The highest-numbered shell in an atom that contains electrons. The electrons in the highest-numbered shell, plus any electrons in the last unfilled subshell, are called valence electrons The electrons in the highest-numbered shell, plus any electrons in the last unfilled subshell. The periodic table is separated into blocks depending on which subshell is being filled for the atoms that belong in that section. Figure 8.16 "Blocks on the Periodic Table" shows the blocks of the periodic table. It could be part of the main body, but then the periodic table would be rather long and cumbersome. ![]() is the 14-column section that is normally depicted as detached from the main body of the periodic table. is the middle 10 columns of the periodic table, while the f block The columns of the periodic table in which f subshells are being occupied. are the right-most six columns of the periodic table, the d block The columns of the periodic table in which d subshells are being occupied. Similarly, the p block The columns of the periodic table in which p subshells are being occupied. Because of this, the first two rows of the periodic table are labeled the s block The columns of the periodic table in which s subshells are being occupied. The first two columns on the left side of the periodic table are where the s subshells are being occupied. As we go across the rows of the periodic table, the overall shape of the table outlines how the electrons are occupying the shells and subshells. The 3 d subshell is filled in the middle section of the periodic table.Īnd so forth. ![]()
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